Infertility Evaluation And Treatment

Infertility can result from factors affecting either partner or both. In women, common causes include ovulatory disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal imbalances, or premature ovarian failure. Structural problems like blocked fallopian tubes, uterine abnormalities, or endometriosis can also prevent conception.

Male factor infertility accounts for about 40% of cases and typically involves problems with sperm production, function, or delivery. This can include low sperm count, poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm shape, or blockages preventing sperm delivery.

Age significantly affects fertility, particularly for women over 35, as egg quality and quantity decline. Other contributing factors include lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, stress, and environmental toxins. In some cases, the cause of infertility remains unexplained despite thorough testing.

While not all causes of infertility can be prevented, many factors can be optimized to improve fertility potential. Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, and taking prenatal vitamins with folic acid support reproductive health.

Lifestyle modifications include quitting smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, managing stress, and avoiding exposure to environmental toxins. Regular exercise is beneficial, but excessive exercise can negatively impact fertility. Managing chronic conditions like diabetes or thyroid disorders is also important.

For women, tracking ovulation and understanding fertile windows can help optimize timing for conception. Both partners should avoid excessive heat exposure (hot tubs, saunas) and certain medications that may affect fertility. Early evaluation is recommended if conception doesn't occur within the expected timeframe.